FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

SARDAR SWARAN SINGH.

There were numerous changes in the Constitution Of India during emergency years 1975-1977. One such addition was the incorporation of the Fundamental Duties on the recommendation of Sardar Swarn Singh Committee. Based on the Japanese model and adopted from former USSR. The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 incorporated a new chapter in Part-IV of the Constitution Of India. The new chapter was Part-IVA and it had only one Article, Article-51A. Initially, it had 10 Fundamental Duties. The 11th Duty was added by the 86th Amendment Act of 2002.

ELEVEN FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

ARTICLE	FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
51A(i)	TO ABIDE BY THE CONSTITUTION AND RESPECT THE NATIONAL FLAG AND THE NATIONAL ANTHEM.
51A(ii)	TO CHERISH AND FOLLOW THE NOBLE IDEALS WHICH INSPIRED OUR NATIONAL STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM.
51A(iii)	TO PROTECT THE SOVEREIGNTY, UNITY AND INTEGRITY OF INDIA.
51A(iv)	TO DEFEND THE COUNTRY WHEN CALL UPON.
51A(v)	TO PROMOTE THE SPIRIT OF COMMON BROTHERHOOD AMONGST ALL THE PEOPLE OF INDIA.
51A(vi)	TO PRESERVE THE RICH HERITAGE AND COMPOSITE CULTURE.
51A(vii)	TO PROTECT AND IMPROVE THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT.
51A(viii)	TO DEVELOP THE SCIENTIFIC TEMPER AND SPIRIT OF INQUIRY.
51A(ix)	TO SAFEGUARD THE PUBLIC PROPERTY.
51A(x)	TO STRIVE FOR EXCELLENCE IN ALL SPHERES OF INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE ACTIVITY.
51A(xi)	WHO IS THE PARENT OR GUARDIAN TO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR EDUCATION TO HIS CHILD OR, CASE MAY BE, WARD BETWEEN THE AGE OF SIX AND FOURTEEN.