EXTRUSIVE TOPOGRAPHY PRODUCED BY VOLCANICITY
| VOLCANIC LANDFORMS(EXTRUSIVE TOPOGRAPHY) | FEATURE/S | EXAMPLE/S |
| CINDER CONE OR ASH | FORMED DURING CENTRAL TYPE ERUPTION. DOMINANCE OF PYROCLASTIC MATERIALS | VOLCANO DE FEUGE, GUATEMALA, PARACUTIN . |
| DOME OR ACID LAVA CONE | EXTRUSION OF LAVA IS THROUGH CENTRAL VENT. LAVA HIGHLY VISCOUS. GET DEPOSITED NEAR NECK. FORMS A DOME SHAPE AFTER SOLIDIFICATION. | LASSEN PEAK, PI DE DOME. |
| LAVA SHIELD OR BASIC LAVA CONE | BASALTIC LAVA WITH LESS SILICA CONTENT. LESS VISCOUS. THE LAVA EXTRUDES THROUGH CENTRAL OPENING. THIS GIVES RISE TO SHIELD TYPE VOLCANOES. | Mt.MAUNA LOA. |
| CONE IN CONE OR NESTED CONE | SMALL CONES ARE FORMED INSIDE A BIG CONE BECAUSE OF SUBSEQUENT EXPLOSION. | Mt. VESUVIUS. |
| COMPOSITE OR PARASITIC CONE | LARGEST AND HIGHEST VOLCANIC CONES. FORMED DUE TO DEPOSITION OF LAVA ASH IN PARALLEL LAYERS. MAIN CONE MAY BE COVERED BY NUMBER OF SMALL CONES. THESE SMALL CONES ARE CALLED PARASITIC CONES. | Mt. MAYON, Mt.FUJIYAMA, Mt. SHASTA, Mt. COTOPAXI. |
| CALDERA | A LARGE DEPRESSION, MORE OR LESS CIRCULAR IN SHAPE. SOMETIMES MAY BE OF SEVERAL HUNDRED SQUARE KILOMETER IN AREA. | LAKE TOBA IN SUMATRA. |
| VOLCANIC PLUG | THE SOLIDIFICATION OF LAVA IN THE VENT OF THE VOLCANO RESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF A PLUG. THE PLUG IS CLEARLY VISIBLE AFTER THE PROCESS OF DENUDATION. | Mt. PI DE DOME, Mt. PELEE. |
| CRATER AND CRATER LAKE | A CRATER IS A FUNNEL SHAPED STRUCTURE AT THE SUMMIT OF THE VOLCANO. THEY MAY RESULT EITHER FROM EXPLOSIVE ACTIVITY OF FROM SUBSIDENCE. WHEN FILLED WITH WATER IT IS CALLED CRATER LAKE. | CRATER LAKE OREGON, CRATER LAKE OSKJUVATN, LONAR LAKE. |
| LAVA PLATEAU | FORMED BY FISSURE ERUPTION WITH NO EXPLOSIVE ACTIVITY. LAVA IS LESS VISCOUS. SO IT SPREAD TO A GREAT DISTANCE AND COVERS A VAST AREA WITH THICK LAVA SHEET. | DECCAN PLATEAU, PARANA PLATEAU. |
| GEYSER | A SPECIAL TYPE OF HOT SPRING, EJECTS STREAM AND SUPERHEATED WATER FROM AN UNDERGROUND SOURCE. | OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER |
| FUMAROLES | IT IS A CONTINUOUS FULL-SCALE JET-LIKE EMISSION OF HOT WATER FROM A VENT. | A VALLEY OF TEN THOUSAND SMOKES, KIH SULTAN, BAY OF PLENTY. |
