Success Samrat

The mansabdari system was founded by Akbar.A single service combining both the military and civil rights but no judicial rights. The officers were called Mansabdars. They may be Military Commanders, High Officials or Provincial Governors. The mansab or rank was divided into two. The Zat and the Sawar. The former used to fix the salary and status of an individual. The latter indicated the number cavalrymen a mansabdar has to maintain. An individual has to maintain as many as Sawars as per his Zat rank. If he maintained the requisite number of Sawars he was placed in the first category. If he maintains half or less then one third then he ranked in the third category. The number of Sawars was directly proportional to the Zat rank. No one could increase it. The Sawars rank was distinguished by Dahbishti System. It means that a mansdabdar has to maintain 20 horses for every 10 cavalrymen. The mansab was not hereditary. The jagirs were assigned to the mansabdar in lieu of cash payments. The jagirdar only had fiscal rights. Exceptional were the Rajputs mansabdars they were given more extensive rights of residence in their homeland in Rajasthan. In a jagir the Jama was the estimated income and Hasil was the real income. Later jama was increased and jagirdars could not get the required hasil. This led to the jagirdar crisis. The penultimate reason for the fall of the Mughal empire.